“be made to do” 的用法详解
在英语语法中,“be made to do” 是一个常见的被动语态结构,用于表达“被迫做某事”的含义。它源自主动语态 “make someone do something”,在变为被动语态时需添加不定式符号 “to”。
一、基本结构
主动语态:Someone makes somebody do something.
被动语态:Somebody is made to do something (by someone).
主动:The teacher made the students clean the classroom.
被动:The students were made to clean the classroom (by the teacher).
二、核心要点
- “make” 在主动语态中后接不带 to 的不定式(bare infinitive);
- 但在被动语态中,必须使用带 to 的不定式(to do);
- 这是英语中少数几个在被动语态中恢复 “to” 的使役动词之一(其他如 let, have 等通常不用被动)。
✅ 正确:She was made to apologize.
❌ 错误:She was made apologize.
三、常见例句
• He was made to work overtime without pay.
• The prisoner was made to kneel down.
• We were all made to sign a confidentiality agreement.
四、注意事项
1. “be made to do” 强调外部强制力,常带有负面或不情愿的语气。
2. 不可用于描述自然结果或自愿行为(此时应使用其他结构,如 “be forced to do” 或直接用主动语态)。
五、与其他结构对比
be forced to do:语气更强,强调武力或极大压力。
have to do:表示客观必要性,无“被强迫”之意。
• I was made to resign.(有人逼我辞职)
• I had to resign.(因情况所迫,我不得不辞职)