英语中“make sb do”类使役动词短语用法详解
在英语学习中,“make sb do sth”是一类常见的使役结构,表示“让某人做某事”。这类结构还包括 let sb do、have sb do 和 help sb (to) do 等。它们在句型、语气和用法上略有不同。
1. make sb do sth
表示“迫使/使某人做某事”,带有强制意味。动词不定式不带 to。
- She made me clean the room.(她让我打扫房间。)
- The teacher made the students rewrite the essay.
2. let sb do sth
表示“允许某人做某事”,语气较温和。同样使用不带 to 的不定式。
- My parents let me stay up late on weekends.
- Let him go if he wants to.
3. have sb do sth
表示“安排/请/命令某人做某事”,常用于正式或指令性语境。
- I’ll have someone fix the printer.(我会让人修打印机。)
- The boss had his assistant prepare the report.
4. help sb (to) do sth
“帮助某人做某事”,to 可省略,口语中常省略。
- She helped me (to) move the furniture.
- Can you help me find my keys?
注意事项
- 以上结构中的宾语补足语均为不带 to 的不定式(help 除外,可带可不带)。
- 被动语态中,
make/let/have 后的不定式需加 to:
He was made to apologize.
- 这些动词不能直接接动名词(-ing 形式)作宾补。